Oxford English Dictionary Adds 22 Nigerian Words, Reflecting The Nation’s Cultural And Linguistic Global Impact

The newly added words span a variety of Nigerian languages and dialects, including Pidgin and local slang, marking the country’s multifaceted presence on the world stage. A prime example is the inclusion of the term “419,” which refers to fraudulent activities, originating from the Nigerian criminal code of the same name. Widely recognized as a symbol of financial scams, “419” has become synonymous with internet fraud in popular culture.

Other notable additions from Nigeria’s colorful street culture include “agbero”—a colloquial term for bus conductors or street hustlers—and “area boy,” referring to streetwise youths often seen navigating urban life. These terms reflect the hustle and energy of Nigeria’s bustling cities.

The culinary world also made its mark, with popular Nigerian foods gaining recognition. “Eba,” a staple dish made from cassava flour, and “suya,” a spicy skewered meat delicacy, now feature in the OED, adding to the growing international awareness of Nigeria’s diverse gastronomic offerings.

Equally important are terms reflecting the dynamic nature of Nigerian migration and identity. “Japa,” which means to flee or emigrate, and “jand,” a slang term for the United Kingdom, encapsulate the experiences of many Nigerians seeking better opportunities abroad. “Naija,” a playful and affectionate nickname for Nigeria, further emphasizes the pride and affection Nigerians feel for their country, even when far from home.

Fashion and tradition are also well represented with the inclusion of “gele,” a traditional headwrap worn by Nigerian women, and “adire,” a type of hand-dyed fabric that showcases the nation’s artistic heritage.

The dictionary’s new entries also touch on Nigeria’s political landscape, with terms like “cross-carpet” and “cross-carpeting” used to describe the act of switching political parties, a practice often seen in Nigerian politics. Furthermore, “yahoo boy” and “yahoo,” terms associated with internet fraud, underscore the challenges facing Nigeria in the digital age.

The addition of these 22 words to the Oxford English Dictionary serves as a testament to the growing recognition of Nigerian English as a distinct and influential variety of the global English language. This development cements Nigeria’s status as a cultural powerhouse, with its linguistic contributions now permanently etched in one of the world’s most prestigious linguistic references.

This milestone highlights the continued evolution of the English language and affirms Nigeria’s role as a key player in shaping the global linguistic landscape, as well as its rich cultural legacy.